An Analysis of Macroeconomic Factors on Australian Economy

Question: Describe about An Analysis of Macroeconomic Factors on Australian Economy. Answer: Introduction: Macroeconomic analysis is important because with the help of this the state of a region, country or a single factor can be assessed. The macroeconomic factors such as GDP, inflation rate, unemployment etc. roughly address the financial state of a country (Australia Government, 2016). The aim of this report is to identify the current state and of the Australian economy. In order to evaluate the current state and the support of the management, few macroeconomic factors are to be analysed. Mainly four factors such that GDP, unemployment, trade and inflation rates have to be evaluated here (Trading Economics, 2016). The trend of this economic factors for past 10 years will be observed and analysed in order to evaluate the present economic state of the country. For the past few decades, Australian federal government and RBA have implemented few policies which may address the current situation of the economy. This report may help to assess and evaluate the current economic situation. Economic Indicators and their trends: Economic indicators are important and their trend supports to interpret a countrys economic state. The main four indicators such as economic growth or GDP, trade, inflation rate and unemployment are the most important to justify a nations economic state (Aust. Bureau of Statistics, 1954). The government has targeted to achieve a huge economic growth during this span. The rules and measurements had been adjusted to achieve the expected outcome but however, due to some economic obstacles, the nation could not reach, though. However, the venture was not a whole flop but yes few areas could have been emphasized more. Economic Growth or GDP: GDP or Gross Domestic Product is the widest quantifiable measure by which a countrys total economic activity can be calculated. More precisely, GDP or the Gross Domestic Product signifies the economic value of all assets and services generated within a nation's geographic boundaries over a particular time period. A high amount of GDP reflects the growth of the country and the lower amount of GDP reflects a weak economic state (Hubbard O'Brien, 2013). Now in order to evaluate the economic state of Australia for present days, the GDP valuation for the past few years can be assessed. From the following graph, the GDP trend of Australia can be assessed. The graph says that the GDP growth of Australia has been fluctuating severely for past ten years. In the year 2005-2006 it was stable but suddenly in 2007 the GDP growth had increased hugely (Blagrove, et al., 2016). Again from the years 2008, the GDP growth of Australia can be seen declining. A major reason behind that is the great recession or global financial crisis which had initiated by the Lehman Brothers breakdown in the UK. Nevertheless, the GDP growth has started recovering after 2011. The following scenario states that the present economic growth of the country is improving day by day and a significant economic development in future is identified (IMF, 2009). Inflation Rate: Inflation can be defined as the sustainable increase in the price level of the products and the services. It is calculated on a yearly basis or annual percentage basis. Inflation results in increasing the daily expenses of the people. Increasing rate of inflation is a significant drawback for an economy. A high rate of inflation may affect the GDP growth of a country. Global crisis or recession actually influence the inflation to increase. The following graph shows the inflationary state of the Australian Economy (Krugman Wells, 2013). It is clear from the scenario that the present inflation rate of Australia is low which indicates that the economic state of the country appreciable. During the great recession in 2014, the inflation rate was the highest. The graph states that during 2008-2012 the economic situation of the country had started falling but again it has recovered during 2014-2015. Considering the trend of the inflation rate from the following figure is considered to be stable or will be decreasing for the new two years (Trading Economics, 2016). Unemployment Rate: Unemployment is an obstacle for an economy. It makes an economy poorer, increases poverty and decreases the economic growth. As the time has passed, the Australia has been developing over the years. Theoretically speaking, the achievement of past five years is considerably high and one of the significant change is its decreasing rate of unemployment. Unemployment is a state when people who are without work desperately seek for paid work. However, the below graph is a bit contradictory with statement proposed (Austrade Government of Australia, 2015). Though the increasing rate of unemployment in Australia is not much higher but, the rate is slightly increasing. Cyclical unemployment is the most common according to the survey. However, it has been noticed that the unemployment definition in Australia much differs from other nations. From that point of view, the long-term unemployment in Australia has been decreasing over the years (Hubbard O'Brien, 2013). Trade: In terms of the balance of trade, a huge trade deficit has been observed during this duration of past ten years. In 2016, it is estimated that the exports rose to 3% whereas the trade deficit has increased and fluctuated towards downturn randomly. Few foreign affairs have been considered to be responsible for this scenario (Jha, 2008). Besides, some recent economic changes are also considered to as important for this deficit. Survey claims that the insufficient funds are another reason behind this business gap. Recently, from 2014, the oil price has been declining hugely. Though, the Australia is not a major participant of oil business but oil price fluctuations affect severely in some business sector of the country (White, 2009). This trade gap in the Australian economy is considered as the significant reason behind the fluctuation of all other economic deflators. A nation like Australia earns huge from the international trade and business. Due to this gap, the GDP of the economy has been affected and unemployment has risen. However, considering these changes in mind the government has to tighten some major macroeconomic policies in order to address these issues (Dwyer, et al., 1990). Current Macroeconomics Policy and their effectiveness: The government had decided to achieve higher economic growth, a stable balance of trade, unemployment problem to be decreased and inflation rate to be controlled. When the government became fails to achieve these expected goals then it has implemented few macroeconomic measurements (Blagrove, et al., 2016). The RBA has used short-term interest rates as its operating instruments in order to implement monetary policy (White, 2009). The monetary policy is generally implemented in order to make a huge economic growth, stability in the balance of payment and to achieve the full employment level. However, from the above analysis, it is observed that neither of the ones has been achieved satisfactorily by the Australia after the policy implementation by the RBA. The economic growth has successfully reached very near to the expected outcome because it is seen in fig 1 that GDP growth of Australia has been increased over the years (IMF, 2009). Simultaneously, the unemployment level has been increased whereas according to the policy the employment level should have increased. On the other hand, it is researched that though the trade gap was high but it has decreased very recently (Leijonhufvud, 2000). Fiscal policy is effective in order to control inflation and the unemployment rate. The federal government has agreed that the 6.5% increase in the unemployment rate in Australia can be accepted. According to the RBA, the fiscal policies have been considered as failed instrument to control the economic doldrums in Australia (Terra, 2015). They have accepted that the fiscal policy might decrease the level of unemployment and can provide future long-term affluence if it would have been invested in human capital such that education, etc. and public infrastructure. Secondly, the lower level of fiscal deficits is consciously damaging the economic growth of the country (Maiden, 2016). The fiscal policy was not at effective whereas the monetary policies had done a little of the expectation. The RBA has stated that these chaos has occurred because some wrong decisions were made from their end too and economic situations were there (The Economist, 2015). Conclusion and Recommendations: After this detailed research, few interpretations can be made. The Australian economic has faced its worst for the past few years but again it has picked its motion since 2015. The RBA has implemented few policies in order to improve the situation. A higher growth can be expected in next five years. The unemployment rate is expected to be decreased in this span too and the inflation rate will also be controlled. With the help of FDI, the Australia is expecting a grand comeback in the international market. This achievement cannot be done until and unless the macroeconomic policies are implemented properly. The trade deficit should be controlled very tactfully and scope of employment should be increased. The RBA should monitor the economic scenario time to time and spot decisions should be taken for any measurements. References: Aust. Bureau of Statistics, 1954. Year Book Australia, 1990 No. 73. Australia: Aust. Bureau of Statistics. Austrade Government of Australia, 2015. AUSTRALIAN AEROSPACE INDUSTRY CAPABILITY DIRECTORY. [Online] Available at: https://www.aviationaerospace.org.au/airmail-article/australian-aerospace-industry-capability-directory/ [Accessed 23 04 2016]. Australia Government, 2016. Fair Work Commission. [Online] Available at: https://www.australia.gov.au/directories/australia/fwc [Accessed 19 07 2016]. Blagrove, S., Hundloe, T. Ditton, H., 2016. Australia's Role in Feeding the World: The Future of Australian Agriculture. Australia: Csiro Publishing. Dwyer, L., Forsyth, P. Findlay, C., 1990. Japanese investment in the Australian tourism industry: a framework for assessing impacts. Sydney: University of Western. Hubbard, R. O'Brien, A., 2013. Macroeconomics. Boston: Pearson.. Boston: Pearson. IMF, 2009. Macroeconomic Fundamentals, Price Discovery and Volatility Dynamics in Emerging Markets. US: International Monetary Fund. Jha, R., 2008. Contemporary Macroeconomic Theory and Policy. Kolkata: New Age International. Krugman, P. Wells, R., 2013. Macroeconomics.. New York, NY: Worth Publishers. Leijonhufvud, A., 2000. Macroeconomic Instability and Coordination: Selected Essays of Axel Leijonhufvud. Cheltenham: Edward Elgar Publishing. Maiden, M., 2016. Australian growth. [Online] Available at: https://www.smh.com.au/business/comment-and-analysis/theres-a-flaw-in-australias-economic-growth-report-20160302-gn8q8w.html [Accessed 27 5 2016]. Terra, C., 2015. Principles of International Finance and Open Economy Macroeconomics: Theories, Applications, and Policies. Cambridge: Academic Press. The Economist, 2015. The causes and consequences of China's market crash. [Online] Available at: https://www.economist.com/news/business-and-finance/21662092-china-sneezing-rest-world-rightly-nervous-causes-and-consequences-chinas Trading Economics, 2016. GDP Per Capita. [Online] Available at: https://www.tradingeconomics.com/japan/gdp-per-capita [Accessed 21 04 2016]. Trading Economics, 2016. tradingeconomics. [Online] Available at: https://www.tradingeconomics.com/ [Accessed 31 05 2016]. White, M., 2009. Australian Offshore Laws. Australia: Federation Press.

Who is to blame in “Romeo and Juliet” Essay Example

Who is to blame in â€Å"Romeo and Juliet† Essay Romeo and Juliet, one of the famous works of Williams Shakespeare is a play with the theme centering around a romantic tragedy about two young lovers. The focus is on the events that led to the meeting of the two lovers and the plot that culminated in the tragic death of both lovers. This unfortunate event has been blamed on some characters in the play. Each one of the characters had their role to play in the tragedy. However, I believe that Romeo played a significant part in the whole plot as a whole. Firstly, I guess the youthful exuberance caught up with him because he was always hasty to act in most circumstances. Moreover, it could also be attributed to his situation, it is often said that love is blind so his emotions also took a toll on his action. His emotion beclouded his thoughts. He was not acting from his ‘head’; it was from his heart. Also, there is an element of selfishness in his actions since he was always pursuing. We will write a custom essay sample on Who is to blame in â€Å"Romeo and Juliet† specifically for you for only $16.38 $13.9/page Order now We will write a custom essay sample on Who is to blame in â€Å"Romeo and Juliet† specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer We will write a custom essay sample on Who is to blame in â€Å"Romeo and Juliet† specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer To buttress these points, it would be seen that Romeo acted too hastily in asking her to marry him. If he had taken some time out to think about the consequences of his actions, knowing fully well that Juliet was engaged and also that both their families did not go along well he could have waited for a little more time. He could have avoided his own death if he had tried to find out if Juliet was really dead or not.   All these point to the spontaneity with which he acts and also the rashness of many of his decisions. Moreover, his action when he killed Tybalt, and later Paris, were aimed towards personal gratification. It could not have been out of love. If he had been thinking of the love he had for Juliet, he would not have carried out these violent acts. In conclusion, Romeo was just a victim of fate as all the ill-fated events had already been foretold. However, his actions fuelled the fire as it eventually led to the death of both he, and his lover. Romeo definitely is more guilty than all other actors in the play as his actions had the greatest effect on the plot of the play.

Free Essays on God Exist

One of the most predominate issues that is considered in the human mind today is of the question, "Does God exist?" Logically speaking there are rules, or more often called, laws that govern the way we act and think, one of such laws is looked at as the law of excluded middle. In this rule we basically identify that in some issues there is no middle ground, an object cannot both possess and not possess a certain trait or characteristic at the same time in the same fashion, either something is or it is not. The statement "God exist," is a precisely stated position. Thus, we recognize that it is either true or false. The fact is that one can not logically affirm that God does and does not exist at the same time, atheist believe that Gad does not exist, theist believe He does, and agnostic, exerts the idea that not enough information is available to make the decision. So who is right? Does God exist or does, he not? The only way to satisfy the question is to seek out and study the evidence, proving finally that God does indeed exist. Most predominate among the arguments of an atheist is the creation of the universe and that is self-created, however, the idea is simple improvable and discreditable by scientific reason. The fact stands that God is the Creator, and through Him all things are possible, being as it may God clearly created the universe and likewise everything in it. From this we gather that the universe either had a beginning, or it did not. However, all available evidenced indicates that the universe had a beginning. Since the universe had a beginning it had to have a cause, the universe is an effect, and by definition there is no effect without a cause. Nothing causeless happens. So Nicholas 2 then the question is asked who or what created the universe, (a) an existence before it, i.e., some eternal, uncaused First Cause, (b) is superior to it since the created cannot be superior to the creator; and (c) i... Free Essays on God Exist Free Essays on God Exist One of the most predominate issues that is considered in the human mind today is of the question, "Does God exist?" Logically speaking there are rules, or more often called, laws that govern the way we act and think, one of such laws is looked at as the law of excluded middle. In this rule we basically identify that in some issues there is no middle ground, an object cannot both possess and not possess a certain trait or characteristic at the same time in the same fashion, either something is or it is not. The statement "God exist," is a precisely stated position. Thus, we recognize that it is either true or false. The fact is that one can not logically affirm that God does and does not exist at the same time, atheist believe that Gad does not exist, theist believe He does, and agnostic, exerts the idea that not enough information is available to make the decision. So who is right? Does God exist or does, he not? The only way to satisfy the question is to seek out and study the evidence, proving finally that God does indeed exist. Most predominate among the arguments of an atheist is the creation of the universe and that is self-created, however, the idea is simple improvable and discreditable by scientific reason. The fact stands that God is the Creator, and through Him all things are possible, being as it may God clearly created the universe and likewise everything in it. From this we gather that the universe either had a beginning, or it did not. However, all available evidenced indicates that the universe had a beginning. Since the universe had a beginning it had to have a cause, the universe is an effect, and by definition there is no effect without a cause. Nothing causeless happens. So Nicholas 2 then the question is asked who or what created the universe, (a) an existence before it, i.e., some eternal, uncaused First Cause, (b) is superior to it since the created cannot be superior to the creator; and (c) i...

Three Google Searches That Will Help You Get Paid to Write Now

Three Google Searches That Will Help You Get Paid to Write Now I confess, I am a Google junkie. I have built a solid reputation for knowing a lot of obscure, but helpful, information about a lot of random topics. Much of this I can attribute to an unhealthy amount of time spent searching Google to satisfy my curiosity, so I may have an unfair advantage. Yet, while reading several of the articles saturating the web right now about How To Get Your First Writing Client, I can’t help but wonder, â€Å"Why are they overlooking the obvious?† Skip sites like Freelancer.com and oDesk.com, which advertise low paying freelance writing jobs that you have to spend valuable time bidding for (and where you run the risk of being scammed). Opt out of writing on demand sites like Scripted.com that require you to go through a lengthy application process, where you must submit writing samples for approval despite having a portfolio, to compete for jobs averaging under $30. Spend less time perusing job boards and cut through the middleman Locate client websites directly, using Google to gain an opportunity to address your application to a specific contact and have a fair chance of your response actually being read. Do so ‘Write For Us’ How many times have you followed the links from an aggregated job board, to a Craigslist ad, to an actual website link leading the advertisement on the clients website which reads: ‘Write For Us’? Exactly. ‘Be A Contributor’ In my experience, this search term is often helpful for leading you directly to client sites that you will not find on a job board because they have such a large following that they do not need to advertise anywhere else. ‘Submission Guidelines’ Whether it is a large or small publication, you are likely to end up on this page of the clients website as a potential hire or a hired writer. Cut to the chase Do your own Google search using these exact search terms and see how many results you come up with. Narrow your search results

Medicare Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words

Medicare - Research Paper Example It is a program being implemented by the Centers for Medicare & Medicaid Services. Medicare is divided into four parts. The first part is the Hospital insurance (Part A). This helps to pay for inpatient care in a hospital or skilled nursing facility, (after hospital stay), home health care and hospice care (Social Security Online, 2010). Medicare insurance (Part B) covers doctors’ services and other medical services and supplies which are not covered by hospital insurance (Social Security Online, 2010). Medicare Advantage (Part C) can be availed of in many areas. Those under Medicare Parts A and B can opt to receive all their health care services through the provider organizations under Part C (Social Security Online, 2010). Finally, drug coverage (Part D) assists in the payment of medications for which doctors prescribe for the treatment of their ailments (Social Security Online, 2010). Medicare is different from Medicaid. Medicaid is a program which provides aid for those who cannot afford medical services. Different states have different rules on eligibility and coverage; and in some cases, these programs do overlap and some individuals may qualify for coverage under both programs (Social Security Online, 2010). This Medicare program is significant for public health because it helps ensure that all people receive quality health care and are entitled to improved outcomes (DeWalt, Oberlander, Carey, and Roper, 2006). Some studies also point out that Medicare programs help control the cost of health care as it improves health outcomes of the people covered. It also helps prevent illnesses and reduce waiting times with doctors; and through the coordinated efforts of the Medicare programs, many states are able to encourage practices which â€Å"improve the timelessness of care and also†¦reduce the rate of no-shows to clinic appointments† (DeWalt, Oberlander, Carey, and

Exam Habits Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Exam Habits - Research Paper Example deed, both the parents and the teachers have a desire for students to perform well, however, they provide little guidance on determining the most appropriate learning techniques that would work to enhance educational outcomes (Barrass, 2002). Based on this perspective, this paper examines Exam habits are determined by the learning techniques that students engage. There are various principles that comprise the states of learning. First, an individual must be in the right state of mind. Knowledge is impacted when a particular individual makes an effort towards learning. An example of such an aspect involves the learner to have positive expectations towards the learning process (C.E., 1988). Secondly, is that there must be a variety of ways of input. Some individuals learn better by using numerous input methods. This involves aspects such as asking of questions during the learning process. In the different states of learning, there are four main stages of competence. The first stage is that of unconscious incompetence in which an individual is mot in a position to understand something while at the same time does not recognize the lack of such understanding. In learning, it is essential that one understands the need for understanding for effective learning. The second stage is that of conscious incompetence. This stage involves one individual who does not understand concept although such individuals know of the lack. This state of learning involves making mistakes, which is an integral part in effective learning as long as one is able to realize the mistake and make adjustments (C.E., 1988). Conscious competence involves the state of an individual having critical understanding of an issue. An important aspect at this stage is the need for concentration. Concentration is important in learning as it enhances better understanding of concepts. The last stage is unconscious competence, which involves the state of an individual having practiced a skill and therefore,

Subverted 19th Century Traditional Social Mores and Norms in Dracula Essay Example for Free

Subverted 19th Century Traditional Social Mores and Norms in Dracula Essay Bram Stoker’s Dracula remains one of the more recognizable novels of its genre despite being published in 1897. A classic horror story which has been retold and produced over and over again since its original publication, Dracula was especially disturbing when it originally was released because of how Stoker attacks Victorian era social mores and norms throughout the entire novel. Stoker subverts traditional 19th Century social mores and norms in Dracula through the portrayal of sexually aggressive and assertive females, Jonathan and Mina’s relationship, and the inverse of Maternity. One of the first examples of Stoker’s subverting of traditional social mores and norms in his novel is Dracula’s Wives. Our first encounter with the â€Å"weird sisters† comes when they approach Jonathan Harker at the Count’s mansion. Christopher Craft described the scene in his reflection as so â€Å"Immobilized by the competing imperatives of ‘wicked desire’ and ‘deadly fear,’ Harker awaits an erotic fulfillment that entails both the dissolution of the boundaries of the self and the thorough subversion of conventional Victorian gender codes,† (Stoker, Auerbach, and Skal 444). Craft is correct that this is a clear subversion of conventional Victorian gender norms. Both Jonathan and the Dracula’s Wives represent a total reversal of what would have been considered normal or appropriate in the 19th Century. Dracula’s Wives are the aggressors in this sexual scene while Jonathan is the passive or cautious sexual partner. His anticipation of the bite from one of the weird sisters is similar to that of a virgin woman waiting for her partner to penetrate her for the first time. The weird sisters represent the total opposite of what a proper Victorian woman is supposed to resemble. They are sexually aggressive and assertive instead of passive and prude. Another female character that occasionally reveals what would be considered very disturbing at the time of the novel’s publication is Lucy. Lucy at one point mentions to Mina that she wishes she didn’t have to choose just one man to be with and that she wishes she could be with all of them. Such a thought was considered scandalous during the time period and even though Lucy is aware that what she is saying is inappropriate she is not able to keep from expressing her true desires to Mina. The wives and Lucy are a few of the key xpressions of subverted 19th century norms in Bram Stoker’s Dracula. Jonathan and Mina’s relationship is another example of Stoker’s subverting of traditional 19th century social mores and norms in his classic story. Throughout the book we see Jonathan and Mina’s characters switch gender roles from a more traditional representation to an inverted r epresentation. Mina is no ordinary Victorian age female. She does desire to serve her husband and unlike Lucy doesn’t express the desire to be with any other partners, but Mina is special in the eyes of the male characters in the story. Van Helsing and the other men believe Mina’s mind to be like that of a man. This would be considered a huge compliment at the time because women were not often thought of being capable of thinking on the same intellectual level as men. On the other hand, Jonathan begins to fall apart. He suffers from fevers which cause him to have fits of almost insanity. During this time he certainly is not thinking on the intellectual level that he once did and it is clear that Mina is the more enlightened of the two lovers. This represents one inversion of traditional gender norms. People didn’t considered that a woman could be the more capable mind in a relationship but that is precisely what Mina is during the majority of the novel. That is not the only example of gender reversal in Dracula, at one point Jonathan becomes faint in public and to keep him from falling Mina supports him. It would have been considered very odd to see a woman in public supporting a man like this. Stoker uses Mina and Jonathan’s relationship as another subversion of 19th century traditional social mores and norms in Dracula. Perhaps the most disturbing aspect of Stoker’s Dracula is the inverse of maternity. The inverse of maternity represents an almost perfect subversion of traditional 19th century social mores and norms. Craft also wrote is his reflection, â€Å"Stoker emphasizes the monstrosity implicit in such abrogation of gender codes by inverting a favorite Victorian maternal function,† (Stoker, Auerbach, and Skal 453). Maternity hasn’t changed much sense the 19th century, women are expected to care for the children above all other responsibilities. Needless to say the feeding on defenseless children by Lucy and Dracula’s Wives is a complete opposite of maternity. The feasting on children is particular disturbing and shocking no matter what era one is born in and represents what is a predominate theme in Dracula the inverse of Maternity. Another example of the inverse of Maternity is the scene in which Dracula cuts his own breast and forces Mina to drink from his wound. Craft writes, â€Å"We are at the Count’s breast, encouraged once again to substitute white for red, as blood becomes milk,† (Stoker, Auerbach, and Skal 458). This interpretation is consistent with what I found. Clearly Stoker is creating a disturbing image that resembles a mother feeding her baby and totally turns maternity on its head. Craft goes on to suggest that perhaps the scene represents more than just an inverse of maternity and that the blood Mina drinks from the Count is actually semen. I agree that the scene resembles forced fellatio but the resemblance to a mother feeding her baby is too obvious a connection not to be made. Inverse of maternity is the true symbol of this scene. In many ways Dracula can be viewed as ahead of its time. Many of the story’s developments, which were considered to be horrifying during the Victorian age, don’t cause many to bat an eyelash in today’s society. Stoker subverts traditional 19th century social mores and norms in Dracula through the portrayal of sexually aggressive and assertive females, Jonathan and Mina’s relationship, and the inverse of Maternity.