Potential conflicts Essay Example for Free

Potential conflicts Essay Every State has three inherent powers which are all necessary and indispensable for its continued existence. These powers may exist even without an express constitutional grant. Among these powers are Police Power, Power of Eminent Domain, and the Power of Taxation On the other hand, citizens in a democracy enjoy certain rights and freedom. These rights serve as safeguard for the protection of the people against excessive and unnecessary exercise of these three powers mentioned. The beauty of a democracy lies in the proper balance between the civil rights and liberties of the people and the fundamental powers of the State. An over-concentration of power in the government will lead to dictatorship or authoritarianism. An over emphasis in freedom and liberty will result to anarchy and mob rule. Analysis of the USA Patriot Act Consider the enactment of the USA Patriot Act as our country’s response to international terrorism. Pres. Bush upon signing the Patriot Act into law emphasized that this law will provide law enforcement officials with sufficient weapons and tools to fight terrorism. â€Å"Remarks by President Bush at Signing of USA Patriot Act of 2001†) He emphasized that we need this law for the protection of our country and for our protection as well. Despite the highly publicized importance of the Patriot Act to protecting our national security and territory, civil rights advocates however fear that the said law may have severe repercussions to our individual liberties. This law which should protect us from terrorists may even be used against us. Some of the provisions of the said law will give the law enforcement authorities unlimited power to search our physical property and seize them, monitor our electronic communication and bank accounts, library records and even our medical records. Last January 2006, The Association of American Physicians and Surgeons and the American Civil Liberties Union joined together in calling for the amendment of Section 501 of the Patriot Act which gives sufficient authority for government officials to seize any â€Å"tangible things† (Jeanne Lenzer)  Under Section 501, â€Å"(a)(1) The Director of the Federal Bureau of Investigation or a designee of the Director†¦may make an application for an order requiring the production of any tangible things (including books, records, papers, documents, and other items) for an investigation to protect against international terrorism or clandestine intelligence activities, provided that such investigation of a United States person is not con ducted solely upon the basis of activities protected by the first amendment to the Constitution. † (Sec 501) It is because of this reason that in a number of medical center’s privacy policy there is already a statement informing their patients that they are authorized to disclose any medical information about the patient to authorized federal officials. Personal information about our health conditions, our sickness, the doctor treating us, the medicines we are taking and any other personal information, which we consider as confidential may now be discovered by the government, placed in a database together with all other personal information taken from other people, and this information could be transferred from one government agency to another. Conclusion I am a Libertarian. I do not think we need to sacrifice our liberty for the purpose of protecting ourselves from terrorism. Our civil liberty, such as our right to privacy, is our treasured rights. For some that is all they have. If the government will take this away from them they will be worse than the terrorists. There is only one solution to this problem and that is for the public to call for the amendment of this provision so that section 501 may finally be deleted from the Patriot Act. Although the said provision may also be useful for any criminal investigation, I believe however, that no government official should be given unbridled discretion to seize our medical records. As a rule, seizure of medical records should not be allowed subject to certain exceptions such as if a suit has been filed against the person whose medical record is being seized or if the person is a suspected terrorist who has confirmed affiliations with terrorists organizations.

Spider Womans Granddaughters by Paul Gunn Allen Essay Example for Free

Spider Womans Granddaughters by Paul Gunn Allen Essay In the introduction of Spider Womans Granddaughters, by Paul Gunn Allen, she provides background information pertaining to Native American history and culture. The purpose of this preface is to offer the knowledge necessary to understand the stories. She achieves this goal with the employment of the rhetorical strategies pathos and reference to authority. Allen strongly utilizes pathos. Her use of vocabulary conveys an extremely negative perception of the Anglo-American interactions with the Native Americans. Allen initially describes a road that travels through an Indian Territory in Oklahoma as a beautiful drive, lined tastefully with billboards however then reveals that the roadside signs mark the sites of starvation and slaughter. She continues to portray Anglo-Americans as insidious and pernicious. Allen also illustrates the affects of the massacring of the Native Americans: our numbers were horrifyingly diminished. These desperate, emotional words are deliberately used to provoke pathos effectively. Allens reference to authority compliments her appeal to emotion, as her points are represented with the words and opinions of indubitably respected figures. She shows the stubborn and misunderstanding views of Senator Dawes: He noted that Indian people had a good literacy rate, adequate food and shelter, medical care for all, and a thriving economic base, but he was disturbed because they continued to live communally. She includes this adamant refusal of the Indian lifestyle that was ultimately the cause of the suffering and injustice endured by the Native Americans, and reflects it in the words of an American leader. Allen exhibits the opinion of William Brandon: Of the approximately 150 million acres owned by the Indians in 1880 over ninety million acres were extracted from the Indians pocket. She also alludes directly to the holocaust by describing the westward expansion as such, and provides further allusion by relating schools to concentration camps. Paul Gunn Allens use of the rhetorical strategies of pathos and reference to authority create a nearly irrefutable vision of the Native Americans inauspicious history. Given this overview, the reader is provided the  necessary intellect to fully comprehend the stories.

Impact Of The Mega Sport Event On Tourism Tourism Essay

Impact Of The Mega Sport Event On Tourism Tourism Essay There are only two mega sport events namely the FIFA World Cup and the Olympics based on the scale of media interest. It means mega-sport event has unique natures such as outstanding reputation, adequate attention and worldwide scope already. A well-managed mega-sport event such as FIFA World Cup will attracts millions of visitors to a place. The tourism related to mega-sport event can be classified as sport event tourism that Foo L. M (2000) defined sport events tourism as the main purpose of the travel is to take part in an organized sporting activity, either as a spectator, participant or official. For example, the diverse preparations in Sydney for the 2000 Games not only cater for the 11,116 athletes, but also take into consideration the potential tourism inflow from Olympic spectators (which could number in the millions), athletes families, and estimated 15,000 media personnel (Groote, 2005). During the event holding, tourists spend money in related tourism businesses like restaurant, shop and hotel, and they may also visit surrounding tourist destinations and attractions. Obviously, tourism obtains benefits directly and indirectly from mega-sport event; while these benefits are various and long-term. In case of 2000 Sydney Olympics (Australian Tourist Commision, 2001): Visitors to Australia: 406,500 international visitors in September 2000, 15% higher than September 1999 (Australian Bureau of Statistics preliminary data). Worldwide Olympic TV audience: 3.7 billion in 220 countries (IOC) Worldwide Olympic Internet audience: 20 million (IOC) Brand Australia has been advanced by ten years, meaning what the world now knows about Australia, it wouldnt have known until 2010 had Sydney not hosted the Games (ATC). The ATCs media relations program generated an addition A$3.8 billion in publicity for Australia between 1997 and 2000 (ATC) The ATCs partnerships with major Olympic sponsors, such as Visa, McDonalds, Kodak and Coca-Cola generated in additional A$300 million in additional advertising exposure for Australia (ATC). In late 1999, the ATC launched the Australia 2000 fun and games campaign to encourage visitation to Australia in 2000. This was aimed at insuring against avoidance, as had been the experience of other major event host cities and countries. In 2000, visitor arrivals to Australia increased by 10.9% to almost five million according to preliminary Australian Bureau of Statistics figures (ABS). In excess of 100 business events, generating millions of additional export dollars for Australia can be directly attributed to the ATCs New Century. New World, Australia 2001 campaign aimed at capturing business tourism for Australia off the back of the Games. (ATC) etc. Furthermore, Hudson S. (2003) summarized relevant benefits for the host as follows: Major sport events can be catalysts for new facilities and new or improved infrastructure When sport facilities are built, they become permanent event venues Major sport events can be catalysts for attracting training sessions and other types of events, such as meetings and exhibitions There is potential for various sport events year round Sport events can reflect and enhance culture and local traditions, helping to create a unique and attractive sense of place Media coverage and its impact on developing a sport destination image can be more important than actual visitor spending Sport events can assist in destination branding by providing powerful, active lifestyle images and making cultural themes come alive However, hosting a major sports event also has high risks that mainly affect the sustainability of the tourism. For example the Olympic Games of 1976 in Montreal, it was a financial disaster for the city that almost bankrupt (Newton, 2012) and afterwards they were still faced with the financial debts until 2006 (CBC News, 2006). 2.2 Marketing in tourism 2.2.1 Mega-sport event marketing Funk D. C (2008) believed that effective marketing activities are able to shape the image of the city and stimulate the economy for the host; to reach specific target markets and position the destination to non-residents for the tourism marketers; to build community identification and create jobs for governments; to increase brand awareness, launch new products and services, and open new markets for sponsors. In terms of mega-sport event which is in essence experiential, interactive, targeted, and relational; these features are highly relevant and desirable given the modern marketing environment (Crowther, 2011) which can be explained as events create a social setting for attendees and help raise attendees involvement level; therefore, attendees are apt to be more receptive to marketing messages and images associated with the event than they are to those presented via other methods (Pope Voges, 2000; Meenachan Shipley, 1999). Therefore, event marketing is defined as a tool for experiential marketing that focuses on consumer experiences, and treats emotionally and rationally driven consumption as a holistic experience (Vel Sharma, 2010) and it offers an additional advantage, in that it actively engages the consumer with the brand and its personality (Sneath, et al., 2005). 2.2.2 Motivation of sport event tourist MacInnis D. J, Moorman C. Jaworski B. J (1991) defined motivation as an internal factor that arouses and prompts goal-directed behavior. Furthermore, Schiffman L. G Kanuk L. L (2001) detailed a motivation process which includes five stages: needs, tension, drive, want and goal. (Figure 1) Need recognition Goal behavior Want pathway Drive state Tension reductionFigure 1 Sport and event consumer motivation process Source: e.g., Schiffman L. G Kanuk L. L (2001) In the first stage: need recognition, Reisinger (2009) mentioned that potential consumers recognize a need when faced with a problem, we can understand the problem as a catalyst. As mentioned above, the problem of sport event consumer is the desire to seek the experiences. Second stage is the customers are considering how to satisfy this need and at the third stage, people will consider the pathways by their preference to reduce or eliminate the unpleasant state. Want pathway can be considered as decision-making processes and finally the goal behavior which can be understand as the acquisition satisfy peoples need, reduce tension and restore balance. A well-understanding of motivation process will help the marketer to know (Horner Swarbrooke, 2007): When to attempt to influence consumers (focusing marketing activities at the time when most consumers are making decisions to buy a particular product) The choice of advertising media based on which media the majority of consumers use to gain information about tourism products The selection of appropriate distribution channels or marketing intermediaries For example, the VisitBritains strategy for 2012 London Olympic Games focused to inspire visitors to explore Britain (VisitBritain, 2010) As the figure shows, the marketing strategy of VisitBritain focuses Awareness (inspire) and Intention (explore) stages. The marketing challenges are: Inspire: (long-term develop): Address the loss of market share and maximise the value of tourism working with the nations and regions of Britain Develop new product offers to stimulate demand in partnership with the nations and regions Explore: (Britain-led): Gain market share Grow Britain brand awareness Challenge negative perceptions of welcome, value and quality 2.2.3 Marketing strategy related to tourism Foxall (1981) defined marketing strategy as being an indication of how each element of the marketing mix will be used to achieve the marketing objectives. It is simple but easily to understand. Normally, the marketing objectives in tourism of mega-sport event host should be: To maximize the economic benefits for tourism across the host city/country To enhance the image of the host as a visitor destination To deliver- and showcase a world class welcome in and after the event A widely used marketing mix is the 4 Ps that product, price, place and promotion. Product Funk (2008) summarized unique aspects of the mega-sport event product: it is an intangible product; social facilitation via sport and reliance on product extensions. Intangible means it is an experiential product and social facilitation via sport means it has great impacts as mentioned above. However, these features are natural. Therefore, exploring on extension product is the key to stimulate and meet the demands of tourist. Such as UK launched new 50p coins to commemorating the London 2012 Olympic and Paralympic Games (BBC, 2010) and create new travel routes for tourists as an event-related tour products and etc. à ¨Ã‚ ¡Ã‚ Ãƒ §Ã¢â‚¬ Ã… ¸Ãƒ ¤Ã‚ ºÃƒ ¥Ã¢â‚¬Å" Ãƒ §Ã… ¡Ã¢â‚¬Å¾Ãƒ ©Ã¢â‚¬ Ã¢â€š ¬Ãƒ ©Ã¢â‚¬ ¡Ã‚ Ãƒ ¤Ã‚ ¼Ã… ¡Ãƒ ¥Ã‚ ¸Ã‚ ¦Ãƒ ¦Ã‚ Ã‚ ¥Ãƒ ¥Ã‚ ·Ã‚ ¨Ãƒ ¥Ã‚ ¤Ãƒ §Ã… ¡Ã¢â‚¬Å¾Ãƒ §Ã‚ »Ã‚ Ãƒ ¦Ã‚ µÃ… ½Ãƒ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¢Ã‹â€ Ãƒ §Ã¢â‚¬ ºÃ…  Ã‚ ¼Ã…’http://blog.sina.com.cn/s/blog_482a6f7d010004ue.html Furthermore, as sport has the ability to directly and indirectly influences a number of aspects in a persons life (Beaton Funk, 2008), sport marketers are likely to package themselves as the forefront in the battle to improve quality of life as sport and leisure activities become central components of promoting health lifestyles, and building more integrated communities (Funk, 2008). à ¦Ã…  Ã…  Ãƒ ¤Ã‚ ¸Ã‚ »Ãƒ ¥Ã…  Ã… ¾Ãƒ ¥Ã… ¸Ã… ½Ãƒ ¥Ã‚ ¸Ã¢â‚¬Å¡Ãƒ ¥Ã‚ ½Ã¢â‚¬Å"à ¦Ã‹â€ Ã‚ Ãƒ ¤Ã‚ ¸Ã¢â€š ¬Ãƒ ¤Ã‚ ¸Ã‚ ªÃƒ ¦-†¦Ãƒ ¦Ã‚ ¸Ã‚ ¸Ãƒ ¤Ã‚ ºÃƒ ¥Ã¢â‚¬Å" Ãƒ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ Ã‚ ¾Ãƒ ¨Ã‚ ¿Ã¢â‚¬ ºeventà §Ã… ¡Ã¢â‚¬Å¾Ãƒ ¥Ã‚ ®Ã‚ £Ãƒ ¤Ã‚ ¼Ã‚  Ãƒ ©Ã¢â‚¬ ¡Ã…’à ¤Ã‚ ¹Ã… ¸Ãƒ ¦Ã‹Å" ¯Ãƒ ¥Ã‚ ¤Ãƒ ¥Ã… ¾Ã¢â‚¬ ¹Ãƒ ¤Ã‚ ½Ã¢â‚¬Å"à ¨Ã¢â‚¬Å¡Ã‚ ²Ãƒ ¦Ã‚ ´Ã‚ »Ãƒ ¥Ã…  Ã‚ ¨Ãƒ §Ã… ¡Ã¢â‚¬Å¾Ãƒ ¤Ã‚ ¸Ã¢â€š ¬Ãƒ ¤Ã‚ ¸Ã‚ ªÃƒ §Ã¢â‚¬ °Ã‚ ¹Ãƒ ¦Ã…“†°Ãƒ §Ã… ¡Ã¢â‚¬Å¾Ãƒ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ °Ã¢â‚¬ ¹Ãƒ ¦Ã‚ ®Ã‚ µÃ‚ ¼Ã…’à ©Ã‚ ¦-à ¥Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã‹â€ Ãƒ ¦Ã‹Å" ¯Ãƒ ¥Ã… ¸Ã… ½Ãƒ ¥Ã‚ ¸Ã¢â‚¬Å¡Ãƒ §Ã… ¡Ã¢â‚¬Å¾Ãƒ §Ã‚ ²Ã‚ ¾Ãƒ §Ã‚ ¥Ã… ¾Ã‚ ¼Ã…’à ¦-†¡Ãƒ ¥Ã…’- ¼Ã…’à ¦Ã¢â€ž ¢Ã‚ ¯Ãƒ §Ã¢â‚¬Å¡Ã‚ ¹Ãƒ §Ã‚ ­Ã¢â‚¬ °Ãƒ §Ã‚ ­Ã¢â‚¬ °Ãƒ £Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â‚¬Å¡Ãƒ ¤Ã‚ ¸Ã‚ ¾Ãƒ ¤Ã‚ ¾Ã¢â‚¬ ¹Ã‚ ¼Ã…’à ¦Ã‚ ¾Ã‚ ³Ãƒ ¥Ã‚ ¤Ãƒ ¥Ã‹â€ Ã‚ ©Ãƒ ¤Ã‚ ºÃ… ¡Ãƒ §Ã… ¡Ã¢â‚¬Å¾brandà ¦Ã… ½Ã‚ ¨Ãƒ ¥Ã‚ ¹Ã‚ ¿Ãƒ £Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â‚¬Å¡ Price Price can be understood by if it is valuable. Getz and Cheyne (1997) found that focus group participants identified important quality factors that can influence a decision to travel to an event, including reputation of the event, caliber of participants (the best in their field), international scope, and the presence of celebrities, rarity is also a factor. Obviously, mega-sport event has all these factors: outstanding reputation; national caliber; international tourism market; celebrities (NBA stars etc.) and once in four years. As mentioned above, mega-sport tourists pay for an experience which often involves sensory, emotional, cognitive, behavioural and relational values that replace functional values (Schmitt, 1999). A well-managed service system should be marketed to the audience as favourable factor. In adverse, weakness of service will lead tourist doubt to come. For example, a safety doubt emerging after the news that with one week remaining before the opening ceremony of the London Olympics, it only has 4,000 guards trained and ready which was expected to provide over 10,000 security personnel for the event (Bartnik, 2012). à ¨Ã‚ ¿Ã¢â€ž ¢Ãƒ ¤Ã‚ ¸Ã‚ ªÃƒ ¤Ã‚ ºÃƒ ¥Ã¢â‚¬Å" Ãƒ ¦Ã…“†°Ãƒ ¥Ã‚ ¤Ã… ¡Ãƒ ¥Ã‚ ¤Ãƒ §Ã… ¡Ã¢â‚¬Å¾Ãƒ ¥Ã‚ Ã‚ ¸Ãƒ ¥Ã‚ ¼Ã¢â‚¬ ¢Ãƒ ¥Ã…  Ã¢â‚¬ ºÃ‚ ¼Ã… ¸Ãƒ ¥Ã‚ Ã‚ ¦Ãƒ ¤Ã‚ ¸Ã¢â€š ¬Ãƒ ¦- ¹Ãƒ ©Ã‚ Ã‚ ¢Ã‚ ¼Ã…’à ¥Ã‚ ¦Ã¢â‚¬Å¡Ãƒ ¤Ã‚ ½Ã¢â‚¬ ¢Ãƒ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ °Ã¢â‚¬Å"à ¦Ã‚ ¶Ã‹â€ Ãƒ ¦-†¦Ãƒ ¥Ã‚ ®Ã‚ ¢Ãƒ ¤Ã‚ »Ã‚ ¬Ãƒ §Ã… ¡Ã¢â‚¬Å¾Ãƒ ©Ã‚ ¡Ã‚ ¾Ãƒ ¨Ã¢â€ž ¢Ã¢â‚¬ËœÃ‚ ¼Ã… ¸Ãƒ ©Ã¢â‚¬ ºÃ¢â‚¬ ¦Ãƒ ¥Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã‚ ¸Ãƒ ¥Ã‚ ¥Ã‚ ¥Ãƒ ¨Ã‚ ¿Ã‚ Ãƒ ¤Ã‚ ¼Ã… ¡Ãƒ §Ã… ¡Ã¢â‚¬Å¾Ãƒ ¦Ã‚ Ã‚ Ãƒ ¦Ã¢â€š ¬-à ¤Ã‚ ¸Ã‚ »Ãƒ ¤Ã‚ ¹Ã¢â‚¬ °Ãƒ ¥Ã¢â‚¬ ºÃ‚ ½Ãƒ ©Ã¢â€ž ¢Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ãƒ §Ã… ½Ã‚ ¯Ãƒ ¥Ã‚ ¢Ã†â€™ Place It refers to the place where the customers can buy the product and how the product reaches out to that place. The most effective way is media such as Internet, PR and TV. Many scholars believe that media coverage of sport events will help countries to present themselves in favorable terms (Whitson Macintosh, 1996), and will assist destinations in building a positive image that helps to generate future tourist demand (Faulkner et al., 2000). à ¤Ã‚ ¸Ã‚ ºÃƒ ¤Ã‚ ºÃ¢â‚¬  Ãƒ ¨Ã‚ ¦Ã¢â‚¬  Ãƒ §Ã¢â‚¬ º-à ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ºÃ‚ ´Ãƒ ¥Ã‚ ¹Ã‚ ¿Ãƒ §Ã… ¡Ã¢â‚¬Å¾Ãƒ ¨Ã…’Æ’Ã ¥Ã¢â‚¬ ºÃ‚ ´Ã‚ ¼Ã…’à ¥Ã‚ ¯Ã‚ ¹Ãƒ ¤Ã‚ ºÃ… ½Ãƒ ¥Ã¢â‚¬ ºÃ‚ ½Ãƒ ©Ã¢â€ž ¢Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ãƒ ¥Ã…’-à §Ã… ¡Ã¢â‚¬Å¾Ãƒ ¥Ã‚ ¸Ã¢â‚¬Å¡Ãƒ ¥Ã…“ ºÃƒ ¦Ã… ½Ã‚ ¨Ãƒ ¥Ã‚ ¹Ã‚ ¿Ã‚ ¼Ã…’à §Ã‚ ½Ã¢â‚¬ËœÃƒ §Ã‚ »Ã…“à ¥Ã‚ ¼Ã¢â€š ¬Ãƒ ¥Ã¢â‚¬ ¹Ãƒ ¥Ã‚ Ã‹Å"à ¥Ã‚ ¾-à ¨Ã‚ ¶Ã…  Ãƒ ¦Ã‚ Ã‚ ¥Ãƒ ¨Ã‚ ¶Ã…  Ãƒ ©Ã¢â‚¬ ¡Ã‚ Ãƒ ¨Ã‚ ¦Ã‚ Ã‚ ¼Ã…’ Social media such as Facebook, Flickr and TripAdvisor are increasingly being exploited within mega-sport event marketing campaigns. For example, Facebook has more than 300 million active users, 50% of whom log on everyday. The internet provides a worldwide platform to distribute the information. Recently emerging channel is mobile. According to VisitBritain (2010), 400m are already using the mobile internet and this will double by 2012; 87% of people are already using their mobile for media consumption at home, and 2012 London Olympic Games became the first mobile internet Games. Development of technology help marketers delivers the information more effective, however, traditional media still important such as newspaper, which are still widely used by old peoples; TV, which covers lots of computer illiterate and broadcast, which can reach the people who have no time to look such as taxi driver. Promotion Promotion is the business of communication to the customers such as what benefits the company or organization has to offer rather than exhibit the features. Hosting the mega-sport events means a valuable promotion opportunity as it can improving a destinations image and building a destinations brand for sustainable development (Getz, 1997; Hall, 1992; Jago, et al., 2010; Prentice Andersen, 2003; Ritchie, 1984) . This means that the city can show off its tourist attractions and the infrastructure that has been generated (Chalip, 2002; Owen, 2005; Whitson Horne, 2006). Awareness of the region is also positively impacted which again brings in domestic and international tourists and potential investors (Gursoy Kendall, 2006; Solberg Preuss, 2007). For example, in a study examining the effect of special events on a countrys brand building, Jun and Lee (2008) reported a positive relationship between the role of special events on the attitudes of young Korean students towards Germany, specifically, the more exposure Korean students had to special events held in Germany, the more likely they were to form positive attitudes toward Germany. These findings supported Chalip and Costas (Chalip Costa, 2005)general theory that special events can be an extension of a destination brand or can be promoted as certain features of destination brand. Political support à §Ã‚ ­Ã‚ ¾Ãƒ ¨Ã‚ ¯Ã‚ Ãƒ ¤Ã‚ ¸Ã‚ Ãƒ ¥Ã‚ -à ©Ã¢â€ž ¢Ã‚ Ãƒ §Ã‚ ­Ã¢â‚¬ °Ãƒ £Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â‚¬Å¡Ãƒ ¦Ã‚ ¾Ã‚ ³Ãƒ ¥Ã‚ ¤Ãƒ ¥Ã‹â€ Ã‚ ©Ãƒ ¤Ã‚ ºÃ… ¡Ãƒ §Ã… ¡Ã¢â‚¬Å¾Ãƒ ¦Ã… ½Ã‚ ¨Ãƒ ¥Ã‚ ¹Ã‚ ¿Ãƒ ¦Ã‹â€ Ã‚ Ãƒ ¦Ã… ¾Ã…“à £Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â‚¬Å¡ 2.3 Destination service quality Even though marketing strategy is well managed, tourists experience of a hotel, restaurant, or casino will imparts a different sort of knowledge than simply reading or hearing about it (La Tour, et al., 2009). Destination management includes how competition in tourism increasingly involves geographical systems where suppliers of hospitality, transportation, entertainment, and cultural services collaborate to increase the attractiveness of the destination and improve its ability to acquire customers (Bieger, 1998; Bieger, 2000; Buhalis, 2000; Ritchie Crouch, 2000; Go Crompton, 2000). Event managers are often preoccupied with delivering a high quality program (Getz, 1998), which is basically what visitors come to experience, but equal attention to service quality is essential for ensuring visitor satisfaction. SA Tourism (2008) concedes to the following ten challenges for 2010: 1) poor access to channels of tourism information, 2) insufficient accommodation, and 3) compelling attractions and activities, 4) inadequate service levels and skills shortage, 5) inadequate public transport, 6) insufficient focus on tourist safety and security, 7) limited institutional capacity, 8) managing expectations, 9) demand management and 10) displacement of general tourists. In the public eyes, hosting an event is a stimulator of tourism industry to the host city. Fourie and Santana-Gallego (2011) did a research on the impact of mega-sport events on tourist arrivals and resulted at there will be 8% increase of the arrivals on average to the host. The Olympics and FIFA World Cup are more than the average. For instance, by the data from ForwardKeys (2012), bookings made by 12th May show a 13% increase in the expected number of arrivals to London during the Olympics Periods and the rest of UK also receive 4% increase. Such a rapidly inflow of tourists will bring lots of problems such as transport disasters. Atlantas 1996 Olympic Game has provided a cautionary tale of mega-sport event travel chaos: with bus drivers getting lost, athletes arriving moments before their events and overloaded trains that couldnt get residents home (Wheatley, 2011). Therefore, how to provide quality destination service to tourists experience, while an influx occurs during the mega-sport event is one of the key factors of the successful tourism operation in mega-sport tourism marketing. Gronroos (1983) described service quality construct relates the level of experienced quality to both technical and functional dimensions of serve provision (see figure 10.1): Technical quality refers to the result of the service and/or the question, what has been provided? Functional quality on the other hand, refers to the way the service has been delivered and relates to the question, how has the service been provided? 2.3.1 Technical quality Technical quality refers to the relatively quantifiable aspects of the service such as The hotel guest will get a room and a bed to sleep in, the consumer of a restaurants services will get a meal, and the train passenger will be transported from one place to anotherà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦ (Gronroos, 1984). In terms of mega-sport event, as influx of tourists, the capability of original infrastructure is not able to meet the needs. That is why Terret (2008) mentioned cities are interested in hosting of the Olympics Games as they can accelerate infrastructure projects. For example, Olympic experience shows that a highly robust and resilient public transport system is a prerequisite to handle exceptional Olympic mega event traffic demands (Bovy, 2006). In terms of London, it struggles with constraints on the Tube, which handles 12 million trips a day during normal times and the Olympics is estimated to add three million trips on the busiest days (Kirka, 2012). Therefore, it invested  £80m in permanent transport improvements for DLR (Media centre Press release, 2008), we have seen new rail links created in East London, and improvements to existing underground and overground train services (Pettinger, 2009) and the increase of capability achieved that a train arriving in the Olympic Park area every 15 seconds (London Olympics Transport Upgrade, 2012). This improvement will shorten the time that tourist move in and out the Olympic Park and reduce the crowd risk. In other hand, a strong public transport will also encourage tourist to choose so that avoid general car traffic on the primary Olympic transport network accordingly. 2.3.2 Functional quality Local human resource support Functional quality creates a competitive edge by focusing on the more personal aspects of the service encounter such as The accessibility of a teller machine, a restaurant or a business consultant, the appearance and behavior of waiters, bank tellers, travel agency representatives, bus drivers, cabin attendants, business consultants, plumbers, how these service firm employees perform, what they say and how they say it do also have an impact on the customers view of the serviceà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦ (Gronroos, 1984) In terms of mega-sport event, a special group volunteers was critical to the successful staging of mega-event because they provided the substantial amount of unpaid additional labour that was needed and also the outstanding service that help the tourists. For example, in Beijing 2008 Olympic games, there were 70,000 volunteers (Associated Press, 2007) applied in various positions such as translation and interpretation, protocol and reception, contest organization, food and beverage, medical services, security and transportation et al (Volunteer Positions Requirements, 2008). To ensure the service quality of the volunteer, a series of training was made before volunteers officially starting their services. In terms of Beijing 2008 Olympic Game, the training includes 4 parts (Organization and Administration of Olympic Volunteering, 2008) 1. General training: basic Olympic knowledge, brief introduction to the Beijing Olympic and Paralympic Games, Chinese history and traditional culture, history and cultural life in Beijing, knowledge and skills necessary to serve the disabled, etiquette norm, medical knowledge and first-aid skills. 2. Professional training: professional knowledge and skills required in voluntary services. 3. Venue training: venue functions, knowledge concerning the sports held in the venue, internal facilities, organizational structure, rules and regulations. 4. Job training: job responsibilities, specific work, business procedures, and operating norms. These well-trained volunteers helped the foreign visitors overcome language and cultural barriers, and provide professional service so that enhance the satisfaction of tourists experience in great extent and assist Olympic Games operating smoothly. However, Bejou et al. (1996) mentioned that there are non-standardized services in which the knowledge, behavior and commitment of the service providers are crucial. Oneil et. al. (1999) believe that this experiential product (such as event) is produced and consumed simultaneously, is highly heterogeneous and very difficult to store and/or control, but basically, if expectations are met, service quality is perceived to be satisfactory; if unmet, less than satisfactory; if exceeded, more than satisfactory. In contrary, poor events may causes by such as an emphasis on quantity rather than quality, a product rather than a market orientation, poor physical conditions and lack of information, and poorly selected or inadequately trained personnel (Jackson Schneider, 1990). 2.4 Sustainable tourism development The evaluation of the sustainability impacts of any mega-sport event is a complex and difficult task and it involves far more than simply estimating its potential revenue and expenditure (Dodouras James, 2004). As hosting a mega-sport event can also constituted a unique opportunity for the diversification and enrichment of the hosts tourism product, this legacy will benefit the tourism development in the future. For example, the building of tourism infrastructure in the case of Barcelona significantly enhanced its image and credibility as an international tourist destination (Duran, 2005). Musgrave Raj (2009) summarized the three sustainable aspects that influenced by mega-sport event as Figure 1: Mega-sport Events Social Environmental Economic Positive: Induced development and construction expenditure Long-term promotional benefits Civic pride Community development Increased employment opportunities Positive: Raising awareness of environmental issues Development of waste land Long-term conservation of area Positive: Direct/indirect expenditure Increased property value due to regeneration Additional trade and business development Induced development and construction expenditure Event product extensions Negative: Future use of infrastructure not maximized Interruption of normal business Resident exodus Disruption of lifestyle Media impacts Community apathy and antagonism Increased risk of security issues Unequal distribution of wealth Negative: Site/location damage short- and long-term Waste and pollution Noise pollution Traffic disruption and congestion Increase in energy demands and other natural resources Negative: Cost of event failure to local/national economy Inflated price of products, services and amenities Unequal distribution of wealth Fig. 1. 1. The three pillar impacts of events (Musgrave Raj, 2009) Consequently, the objectives of sustainable development are: optimizing socio-cultural impacts; minimizing environmental impacts and maximizing economic impacts (Smith-Christensen, 2009). Specifically, in terms of tourism, these impacts can be operationalized in the post-event period to attain, magnify and sustain their objectives as a sustainable sport tourism legacy. And accordingly, the sustainability of strategies that originate from sport tourism development policies, which according to sustainable development principles should maintain economic efficiency, social equity, and environmental integrity (Campell, 1996; Fitzgerald Leigh, 2002). 2.4.1 Social impact By social impacts we mean the consequences to human populations of any public or private actions that alter the ways in which people live, work, play, relate to one another, organize to meet their needs and generally cope as members of society. The term also includes cultural impacts involving changes to the norms, values, and beliefs that guide and rationalize their cognition of themselves and their society (Interorganizational Committee on Guidelines and Principles, 1994). To achieve the outcome that optimizing socio-cultural impact, the organizer should reduce the negative impacts and magnify the positive impacts. Tassiopoulos Johnson (2009) summarized the social impacts that brought by event tourism as follow: Negative impacts of tourism: Sex The sexual industry has grown rapidly rely on the mega-sport event due to some event attendees travel abroad to enjoy uninhibited casual sexual encounters and result on a bad impact of the local. For example, as many as 40,000 women could enter South Africa to work as prostitutes during this years football World Cup 2010 (The Telegraph, 2010). The grave danger of this growth has led to the spreading of HIV/AIDS and other sexually transmitted diseases (Cooper, et al., 2005). Health There are diseases such as swine flu should be noted when people from different countries interact. For example, the recording of more than 8500 cases of malaria infections in the UK, which have been a result of tourist and visiting friends and relatives (VFT) traffic to malaria-infected destinations. These diseases may not fatal but they can cause social and economic stress to the host community. Commodification Commodification implies that the demands of tourism (inclusive of events) have led to the mutation and sometimes the destruction of the meaning of cultural performances and special events. Staged authenticity refers to simulated experiences that are developed to satisfy the needs of the visitor. Standardization refers to where the visitor attending an event searches for the familiar, leading to a loss of cultural diversity (Cooper, et al., 2005). Disruption of lifestyle of residents Sherwood (2007) refers to increases in traffic and noise and the general disruption to normal daily routines caused by the hosting of an event in the destination. Furthermore, overcrowding, congestion and noise are ascribed to an influx of event visitors in the host destination. This may cause that resident exodus, for instance, third of Britons holidaying abroad this summer have deliberately chosen dates to avoid London 2012 (Gerges, 2012). Crime and vandalism Many scholars such as Mathieson and Wall (1982) have suggested that large numbers of visitors to an event carrying relatively large amounts of money and valuables with them will provide a source for illegal activities including drug trafficking, robbery, vandalism and violence. For example, only 10 weeks before the FIFA World Cup 2010, in South Africa, there were 50 murders happened in one day while the South Africas murder rate actually dropped slightly last year (Tay, 2010). Positive impacts of tourism: The fostering of community/civic pride Events can be used to put new life into ceremonies and rituals, making them come alive, combining them with skills and crafts. This can inspire and assist with fostering local pride of a host community and provides the best possible experience for the event attendee (Tassiopoulos Johnson, 2009). Creating sociocultural awareness and peace Events take people to new places and can broaden their understanding and knowledge of other cultures and environments. This can be regarded as an educational process and, if channeled properly, this education can lead to greater awareness of, and sympathy and admiration for, other societies. Cultural exchange that takes place between the event attendee and the host community can assist in fostering peace. The belief in the relationship between tourism and peace is so strong that in 1986 the International Institute for Peace through Tourism was set up. Shared infrastructure When developments for events take place, for example, the FIFA 2010 World Cup in South Africa, the local infrastructure is often enhanced to meet the needs of the developments. The host community can find that the quality of their life is enhanced through being able to enjoy this improved infrastructure. This type of infrastructure can include upgrading sporting venues, improvement of airports and general transportation. Direct sociocultural support The funding generated from various events can provide funds to assist to restore heritage sites, conserve natural and cultural sites, or assist local charities. The proceeds earned from these events in terms of registration fees and goods sold are donated to various charities within the local community. 2.4.2 Environmental impact The environmental impact indicates that (Mathieson Wall, 1982; Jenner Smith, 1991; Boers Bosch, 1994; Puczko Ratz, 2002; 2005): Impacts on the natural environment, i.e. air quality, geological factors, water quality, depletion of natural resources, flora and fauna; Impacts on the man-made environment, i.e. buildings visual impacts, changes in land use, infrastructure; Impacts on the ecosystem. The depletion of natural resources is accelerated by the use of fossil fuels in transportation, the heating of accommodation and the operation of catering facilities (which are usually non-renewable energy sources like coal, crude oil or natural gas). In more environment-friendly solutions, heating and energy consumption is based on hydro, solar or wind energy. Wasteful and careless use of the drinking water supply significantly impairs the effectiveness of water management, and decreases available freshwater resources. The wasteful use of the water supply could be avoided by a more environmentally friendly attitude and modern technology. The positive elements of the environmental impacts most commonly catalogued relate to the new facilities that might not have been politically or financially feasible without the event. On the negative side, growing attention is being focused on the environmental damage due to development for mega sports events (Tolios, 1997). 2.4.3 Economic impact Event tourism can generate positive economic impacts, in addition to longer-term place marketing benefits and media exposure for destination, along with sporting or cultural policy benefits (Musgrave Raj, 2009). à ¤Ã‚ ºÃ‚ ºÃƒ ¤Ã‚ »Ã‚ ¬Ãƒ §Ã… ¡Ã¢â‚¬Å¾Ãƒ ¨Ã…  Ã‚ ±Ãƒ ©Ã¢â‚¬ Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¼Ã…’à ¦Ã…  Ã¢â‚¬ ¢Ãƒ ¨Ã‚ µÃ¢â‚¬Å¾Ã‚ ¼Ã…’à ¥Ã‚ ·Ã‚ ¥Ãƒ ¤Ã‚ ½Ã…“à ¥Ã‚ ²-à ¤Ã‚ ½Ã‚ Ãƒ §Ã‚ ­Ã¢â‚¬ °Ãƒ §Ã‚ ­Ã¢â‚¬ °Ãƒ ¥Ã‚ ¥Ã‚ ½Ãƒ §Ã… ¡Ã¢â‚¬Å¾Ãƒ ¦- ¹Ãƒ ©Ã‚ Ã‚ ¢Ã‚ ¼Ã…’à ¤Ã‚ ¸Ã‚ ¾Ãƒ ¤Ã‚ ¾Ã¢â‚¬ ¹ While these impacts are extremely relevant and often very important, an honest assessment of the value of a particular mega sports event must also include estimates of the negative impacts, such as commodity price increases a

Netflix SWOT Analysis Essay -- essays research papers

S.W.O.T. Analysis Strengths: ?  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Netflix provides a subscription-style e-commerce service. Over 95% of customers pay at least $17.99 a month which includes unlimited rentals with up to three titles at a time. A comparably low monthly fee, allows Netflix to lead market share of online DVD rentals while competing with traditional brick and mortar rental stores. Meanwhile, Netflix might keep the customers who try the service and happy with it continue paying the monthly fee. Therefore, Netflix has fewer problems in predicting revenues. ?  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Netflix enjoys lower fixed costs due to the fact that it is an online DVD rental company. As an internet business, Netflix incurs less overhead costs than competitors such as Blockbuster, as well as having fewer employees to operate the physical locations, thus labor costs are greatly reduced. ?  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Netflix gives customers unlimited access to the largest selection of DVD?s. Netflix?s video library consists of over 45,000 titles, making their selection the worlds largest, beating out Blockbuster, Movie Gallery, and Hollywood Video. ?  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  With over 35 distribution centers across the United States, Netflix has the fastest delivery time of any online DVD rental company. Through the use of the United States Postal Service over 90% of DVD?s are received by customers within one day of ordering. ?  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Netflix?s easy to use website allows customers to browse the video library by category such as action, romance, drama (sixteen total categories) or by using a comprehensive internal search of the library. ?  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Netflix uses the technology of Cinematch to give customers even better service. Cinematch studies past selections made by members, and begins to recommend titles that would likely be enjoyed by the customer based on previous selections. ?  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Charging a monthly fee for unlimited rentals, Netflix eliminates due dates and late fees, as well as eliminating the long lines of a brick and mortar store. ?  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Netflix uses their great customer service to keep customers happy which intern keeps customers from canceling there subscription to the service. If there is a problem that arises during the rental process such as a damaged DVD, or lost DVD during the shipping process, Netflix addresses the problem immediately, and never charges the customer for the problem. ?  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Netflix was the first company to offer DVD renta... ...fering similar services, either directly or as a partnership with another organization.  §Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Emerging competition from digital cable and satellite companies that offer movies on demand. Time Warner digital cable offers video on demand library consisting of a few hundred selections and growing. Users can purchase a movie with the touch of a button for about $4.00. Customers have access to the movie for up to 24hours. Many video on demand services are now offering technologies that allow users to pause, fast forward and rewind the movies they purchase. Though the selection offered by cable companies is extremely small in comparison to Netflix, it will only be a matter of time before the number of selections will increase drastically.  §Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  There are a large number of substitute products. Netflix is in the business of providing personal entertainment at an affordable cost. Since any other form of entertainment is considered a substitute, Netflix?s industry is in direct competition with all other forms of entertainment, whether it be reading, physical exercise, regular television, etc. If trends in popular culture move away from those related to movies, revenues may be affected.

Clyde Beasley and Social Influence :: essays research papers

Prison: A Social Nightmare Social psychology is the scientific study of how we think about, influence, and relate to one another. What happens when there is only one way to do things without being teased, mimicked or ever bullied? We conform. Even though the standards are different now than is has been in the past, the theory is the same: for most people, whatever they think will make their life easiest, they will conform to. Clyde Beasley has been a very good example of conformation in his life time, even though he is a highly independent person now. He has been imprisoned twice for running a drug operation and been incarcerated a in level four maximum security prison. Only during the second sentence of over 10 years did he realize how he needed to change his life and since he has been free he has led an entirely legal life without so much as a minor traffic citation. While he was in prison however it is impossible to be yourself Even while he was still in prison Clyde began to think of ways he could become successful in a legal way. His aspirations had always been fame and wealth which was the reason he began to deal in the first place. He came up with ideas of inventions he could sell while still in prison and now runs many company's and a non-profit organization: HIPP-MO-TIZE, which is focused on youth and women. In prison no matter what your culture and style is like you are forced to conform to a race standard, if you are Asian you have to be like all the other Asians, if you are white, you are forced to associate yourself with only the other white people. This is a very extreme example of normative social influence. Normative social influence, when a person changes their actions to either be accepted or to avoid being rejected, can be seen in any culture you observe. In schools you can see otherwise intelligent kids using words and talking in ways that can be classified as absurd and brainless. They will not do homework because it is considered uncool.

To Kill a Mockingbird by Harper Lee Essay -- To Kill a Mockingbird Essa

Prejudice has caused the pain and suffering of others for many centuries. Some examples of this include the Holocaust and slavery in the United States. In to Kill a Mockingbird, by Harper Lee racism was the cause of much agony to the blacks of a segregated South. Along with blacks, other groups of people are judged unfairly just because of their difference from others. The prejudice and bigotry of society causes the victimization of people with differences. Some who are discriminated against are those who are born differently than the majority. One person that is treated unfairly is Calpurnia, as you can see when Aunt Alexandra tried to get Atticus to fire Calpurnia, because in her eyes, Calpurnia wasn't a good enough female role model (p.136). This is a prejudice action, because Calpurnia is as good as a role model as Aunt Alexandra, if not better. Aunt Alexandra is a bigot and doesn't see the character of Calpurnia, just the color of her skin. Another person who is treated like an inferior is Scout by her teacher, because she knew how to read. "She discovered that I was literate and looked at me with more than faint distaste. (p.17)." Scout is treated like it is her fault that she knows more than the average child did. She learned earlier than others so she gets punished unjustly. Tom Robinson is also one who is discriminated by a biased community. Tom is found guilty by the jury in his case against the Ewells (p.211). The guilty verdict is a direct result of a racist...

Creative Enterprise And Context

MA in INTERIOR & A ; SPATIAL DESIGN Module 7CTA1009 | Creative Enterprise And Context | Individual ReportAccredited Work Experience Your work experience may affect, for illustration:A lasting occupation that you are already making, related to your field of survey.A free-lance undertaking.An internship or work arrangement.Approximately 100 hours – including report-writing. ( e.g. 1 twenty-four hours per hebdomad for 10 hebdomads ) You should enter and reflect upon your experience, and summarize the decisions in a brooding papers. This papers shouldsketch the workthat you have conducted andwhat it has taught youabout theprofessional fieldin which you work. You should besidesreflect upon wider facets of your industry, and research how your work is located in thatlarger context. Your grade is based on the quality of thestudy,nonon the work that you do in your period of employment. You need to show thevalueof your experience, andwhat you have learned. This is acritical text. Refer to other paperss to contextualise your experiences. With the passion I have towards the profession of my dream, accepting assorted freelancing occupations over the past twelvemonth or so was the way I chose to be the stepping-stone to construct my calling. This was how and why I gain my professional experience and despite along the manner after meeting obstructions in the early phases of my calling, the experiences have made me a stronger individual to fix myself for the hereafter. Furthermore, because of my ability to get the better of the challenges I face, this has lead for me to hold more assurance in the calling I chose whilst being able to anticipate that this would non be something that I will repent. From the beginning I realized that traveling down the way of freelancing was traveling to be tough but because of the fact that I have the flexibleness to take the undertakings that I prefer played an of import function to maintain myself motivated in what I do and the calling end I would wish to accomplish. My calling end is to c onstruct an interior design house and to portion the passion I have for Interior Design. Making my occupation out of passion and non merely for the interest of fiscal addition has made my calling journey even more interesting. A brief overview to one of the many undertakings I took on was a residential undertaking located in Ampang Botanic, Klang, Malaysia. Residential design involves assorted sorts of planning and scope of building, which incorporate with cognition of human behavior –physical, psychological and cultural of the clients. Due to homes being one’s personal infinites which support the individual’s life style, interior interior decorator playsanessential function in communicating with clients. [ 1 ] The Low family’s semi-detached abode has a built-up of 3010 square pess, approximately 36 pess broad and 82.5 pess for its length and all 6 of the household members are regarded as separate clients to carry through their single demands. Based on experience, my function as an interior interior decorator and the designing procedure are really much similar regardless the graduated table or types of homes. The term ‘creative industries’ originated in the 1990s, with the UK authorities the first to follow it as a agency of promoting the acknowledgment of the economic part made by creativeness and civilization. [ 2 ] Creativity is constructed through an â€Å"interaction between manufacturer and audience† [ 3 ] , it can be argued that clients are an indispensable portion of the societal context for interior decorator. Therefore, harmonizing to the societal contextual position [ 4 ] clients may hold the possible to act upon the creativeness of interior decorator. This has examined when my clients, Low household have affected my initial thoughts for their home. I have proposed them some interior design thought, but at last they have commented and I took their remarks so blend into my initial thoughts. I have realized this could go on all the clip even though sometimes I am really steadfast and confident with my thoughts, but undeniably client’s remarks are really of import as they are the 1 who traveling to populate in the infinite. Nevertheless, I agreed with Parnes who asserted that in creativeness research shows that persons produce more fresh and utile thoughts if they believe the state of affairs encourages such behaviors. [ 5 ] I can see this when Mr. & amp ; Mrs. Low have affectively needed my sentiments, they would demo concern for the feelings and demands of me. Under these fortunes, I will be less likely concern about negative unfavorable judgment by them which can sabotage my desire to supply confident and better service. Rather, I feel more bucked up and daring to research with assorted bright colorss, stuff or form and to happen more originative solutions to a infinite. I have suggested Mr. & amp ; Mrs. Low to utilize dark colorss, such as black and dark brown for most portion of dry kitchen to make a different sort of atmosphere in this home. Furthermore, I have realized that I will put more into this undertaking when my clien ts swear me. I besides expended excess clip and attempt in researching options to the regular service provided, thereby lending to the results. Besides, one of the important things that I have learnt since I started free-lance undertaking is non all value is created equal. For me, I will merely larn what is valuable to clients by acquiring to cognize them. But on the position of clients, value contains many parts ; from cost-effectiveness to long term potency to the efficiency and smoothness of the undertaking itself. As when the brief is taken and communicate with them, seek to experience where they feel the value of undertaking lies. Clients need to cognize what they are paying for, non merely in footings of a touchable merchandise, but besides in footings of any behind-the-scenes or potency advantages which interior decorator has built into the undertaking. My function and the procedure begins with run intoing the client to garner information sing their demands to come up with thoughts to trades with the issues at manus that is brought frontward by the client or from my personal observation. Then elaborate and accurate drawings will be produced from the thoughts discussed to guarantee that the undertaking is good planned and systematic. Material choice and specification of furniture will be decided and I will oversee all the inside informations and supply more elaborate drawings where necessary when the installing takes topographic point. Assorted concern paperss have to be provided and managed for this procedure to run every bit swimmingly as possible. However, the undertaking development for this residential undertaking has the same advancement from the old undertakings I have done. This undertaking started in August last twelvemonth before I came to the United Kingdom to go on with my Postgraduate surveies. I foremost met up with Mr. and Mrs. Low on a insouciant societal footing to larn more about each other in general and to see the nature of the undertaking. I gathered every bit much information as I could to set up what their demands are and desire for their new home and after a few other subsequent phone conversations, I wrote a proposal dwelling of all the architectural and ad hoc services I would supply. After Mr. and Mrs. Low accepted my proposal, all paperss such as the agreed proposal and citation were signed before anything went frontward. Before the design work could get down, I had to detect the overall demands and restraints, which will be the model for the remainder of the undertaking. I went to the site to study in order to derive a more in depth cognition of the home and after taking note of the inside informations, I started working on the design development which I feel is the most exciting portion of a undertaking. Once this phase started, interior decorator will maintain in touch with client really frequently discussed the design and inside informations. I have developed infinites with Furniture Plans ( fig.1 ) , color strategy and construct. Within this development, interior coatings inside informations such as pigment, wall-covering, flooring, ceiling and window interventions, castings, cabinetwork and countertops will be decide every bit good. All the choices will be show in 3D Perspective Drawings ( fig.2 & A ; 3 ) for clients to hold better image to conceive of with the existent infinites. After finalisi ng the design drawings, I have confirmed with clients before get downing the concluding particularization of programs such as Mechanical & A ; Electrical ( M & A ; E ) Plans ( fig.4 ) , Reflected Ceiling Plans ( fig.5 ) , Floor Finishes Plans and others detail drawings. After design development, I have left the building and installing portion to my concern spouse, Mr. Alex who owns a custom-build furniture company. Since I am traveling to foster my surveies, Mr. Alex has coup d'etat my portion to finish this undertaking. Since I am in United Kingdom and the undertaking is in Malaysia, we use different methods depending on the state of affairs, such as electronic mail, instant messaging, picture confab or societal networking. In the interim of analyzing and working on free-lance undertakings, I have gained many accomplishments and personal qualities to be an interior interior decorator, which I think this is one of the intents of this assignment has outlined in faculty. First of wholly, being a free-lance has trained me to be more good subject and professional in originative industries, which is the chief purpose of this faculty. In originative industries, image and feeling of a interior decorator is really of import, as this is how client trust interior decorator at the beginning. If a designer’s image is bad, client will non swear them and delegate undertaking to them. Besides, I am developing an oculus for design which involves understanding a few rudimentss of perceptual experience from freelancing, which is good to my surveies every bit good. For case, I have better 3D consciousness as I have experienced the transmutation from pulling to existent object ; how lines or colorss will impact the aesthetics value and make ocular beat in a infinite ; how to utilize pattern and stuff in a design ; how to make designs that provide focal points that serve to honor the oculus ; how to accomplish ocular balance in a infinite and the difference between symmetricalness and informal balance. Besides, creativity and imaginativeness have risen throughout working on free-lance. For me, being able to pass on efficaciously is the most of import of all life accomplishments, pass oning with clients has strengthened my communicating and dialogue accomplishments. Communication is merely the act of reassigning information from one topographic point to another, how good the information can be transmitted and received is a step of how good the communicating accomplishment is. For illustration, able to talk suitably with a broad assortment of people whilst keeping good oculus contact, show a varied vocabulary and orient the linguistic communication to clients, listen efficaciously, nowadayss ideas suitably and work good in a group which requires good communicating accomplishments. With good communicating accomplishments can assist all facets of life, particularly from professional life to societal assemblages and everything in between, which now that beneficial to my freelancing, university life and societal life. Other than that, freelancing has sharpened me awareness of proficient edifice issues, the scope of relevant merchandises and stuffs. As working with free-lance undertaking in industry, I have the opportunity to larn about stuff in existent life. Assorted professional of stuffs companies have assigned the staff to convey my existent stuff samples and explained me about those merchandises. Furthermore, working in site undertaking has taught me how importance is proficient pulling in the interior design industries. If there is error in the proficient drawing, it would impact the existent object on site ; as a consequence this has indirectly trained me to be more careful on pulling. I have decided to be an interior interior decorator when I was 15 old ages old and I am working hard to accomplish my aspiration. For me, freelancing while I am prosecuting my surveies is an indispensable first measure toward my aspiration. With the result of this assignment and faculty, I am sharpening my accomplishments and allow myself fixing to accept more new challenge in my calling in future. Appendixs Figure 1: Furniture Plan, Ground Floor Figure 2: 3D Perspective Drawing of Living Area Figure 3: 3D Perspective Drawing of Dry Kitchen Figure 4: Mechanical & A ; Electrical ( M & A ; E ) Plan, Ground Floor Figure 5: Reflected Ceiling Plan, First Floor Mentions Amabile, T. M. ( 1996) Creativity in context.Boulder: Westview Press. BOP Consulting. ( 2010 )Maping the originative industries: A toolkit.[ e-book ] London: British Council. Csikszentmihalyi, M. ( 1999 )Deductions of A System Perspective for The Study of Creativity.New York: Cambridge University. Knackstedt, M. V. ( 2012 )The Interior Design Business Handbook: A Complete Guide to Profitability. New Jersey: John Wiley & A ; Sons.Madjar, N. & A ; Ortiz-Walters, R. ( 2008 ) ‘Customers as Subscribers and Reliable Evaluators of Creativity in the Service Industry’ , Journal of Organizational Behavior. [ on-line ] Available at: hypertext transfer protocol: //onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1002/job.522/pdf.[ accessed 25 April 2014 ] Parnes, S. J. ( 1964 ) ‘Research on developing originative behavior’ ,Widening skylines in creativeness.New York: Wiley. Bibliography Ball, L. ( 2003 ) . Future Directions for Employability Research in the Creative Industries. A on the job paper by the Learning and Teaching Support Network and Design Council. Knackstedt, M. V. ( 2012 )The Interior Design Business Handbook: A Complete Guide to Profitability. New Jersey: John Wiley & A ; Sons.Piotrowsk, C. M. ( 2013 )Professional Practice for Interior Designers.New Jersey: John Wiley & A ; Sons.